İZMİR PROVINCIAL DIRECTORATE OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

Red Courtyard (Serapeion)

In front of the temple, there is a propylon that extends to the courtyard on the same axis with the temple and behind it there is a huge temple door. The door was surrounded by heavy marble jambs, the door wings were very large and probably coated with bronze. The door was very heavy and this weight was making it more easy to open and close. In order to provide control in this respect, there was a second door assembly consisting of iron railings in front of the door.

Only the frontal side of the sanctuary was lightened by windows, and no window was made to the rear side so that the cult statue could remain only half-lit. There are hidden passages and stairs that extend under the rounded structures of the wings and under some parts of the courtyards. Presumably, the high priest of the temple, who walked through these passages, rose to the head of the hollow cult statue and from there he was preaching to the people in the name of God. It is assumed that there was a very solid wooden roof skeleton covering the temple. Based on the cult and art history data, it can be said that the temple was probably built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian in the second century AD and that it was dedicated to the Egyptian gods, Serapis and Isis. However, despite the presence of cult altars on the round structure at two sides of the temple, it is not known who the gods on the wings are.

During the early Byzantine period, with some additions to the holy place, the temple continued to be used as one of the early seven churches in Anatolia. In this holy place, where excavations were carried out by T. Wiegand, researches have not been completed yet.